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FDA Threatens to Wound Salt Business

 

By Micah Cheek

Hawaiian red salt and charcoal black salt could be disappearing from interstate sales because the Food and Drug Administration is calling the red clay in Hawaiian salt and the charcoal in black salt adulterants. With their businesses in jeopardy, salt producers are confused and angry about the potential losses if the FDA decides to prohibit them from selling their salt across state lines.

The FDA is saying that red alea salt gets color from added clay, and since the clay is not an approved color additive, the salts are considered adulterated. The FDA has regulations specific to this issue, stating in the Code of Federal Regulations that even if an additive’s primary purpose is not as a color, it can only be considered exempt if “… any color imparted is clearly unimportant insofar as appearance, value or marketability, or consumer acceptability is concerned.” Naomi Novotny, President of SaltWorks, questions whether this guidance even applies to her product. “If you’re using it for pork, that clay really seals the moisture in,” says Novotny. “The clay has a functional use. The way I read that document, it doesn’t really apply to Hawaiian salt.”

The addition of clay has been considered by some to be equivalent to the natural colors that occur in other salts. “I buy French gray salt which is scraped off a salt lake. The gray color comes from the clay at the bottom of the lake bed. I scrape the salt, and it is not purely white in color, and [it is] according to this document perfectly fine,” asserts Brett Cramer, Vice President of The Spice Lab.

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A great deal of speculation has surrounded the FDA’s sudden attention on these salts. “I don’t know why,” says Novotny. “Especially since everything comes through as food grade.” The FDA declined to comment on what prompted the guidance.

One prevalent theory is that knockoff products have made their way into the market with inferior ingredients. Another belief is that a major salt producer brought it to the FDA’s attention as a business tactic. “We make infused salts with spices in them. They’re colored. Should they be outlawed? In the future, should the only thing we sell be pure white salt from two companies?” Cramer speculates.

It is unclear whether the FDA is going to enforce this guidance in the near future. A representative of the FDA wants to make clear that the products are only considered adulterants because they have not been evaluated, saying “We encourage people who are interested to go through the petition process. There’s also guidance on the actual petition, in order to make this as easy a process as possible.” The review process for a color additive generally takes 90 days, and carries a listing fee of $3,000. As of mid-November, no petitions for review for alea clay or charcoal have been submitted. Until further action or enforcement takes place, Saltworks and other companies are continuing to sell red alea and black charcoal salts. “We’ve been working with our customers and letting them know if they have concerns at all about the salt,” says Novotny. “We know this is safe.”

 

U.S. Tea Industry Growth Makes Specialty Tea Accessible to Consumers

By Greg Gonzales

Tea markets are growing, and growth won’t be slowing down any time soon, thanks to a multi-generational boost. The U.S. tea market has grown 15 times its size since 2009 and was worth $10.8 billion in 2014, according to the Tea Association of the USA’s “2014 State of the Industry” report. Loose-leaf tea in particular has gained popularity as a specialty product, hydration alternative and health product, while ready-to-drink tea has seen similar success on supermarket shelves. The report also said that tea is the second-most consumed beverage in the world, after water.

The same Tea Association of the USA report, compiled by Tea Association President Peter Goggi, cited Millennials as the major demographic driving market growth. “Several aspects of the market are driving Millennial interest in tea,” Goggi said. “The access to tea has been easier and much more common for them; they’ve grown up drinking tea, as preteens, and they also gravitate toward products that appeal to them. Tea fits in because Millennials want to be engaged with the products they buy — where it comes from, how it’s made, its naturalness — tea fits into this beautifully because it comes from different countries and it’s an agricultural product, so Millennials can get involved.”

He added that Baby Boomers have gotten involved in the conversation, too, and are increasingly joining the public discourse with Millennials.
Topics to share include the teas’ origins, and how different processing yields different kinds of tea. Pu-erh tea, for example, is aged and pressed into cakes, making an extremely dark brew that exclusively contains the cholesterol-lowering compound, lovastatin. Specialty teas use the best leaves, while low-grade teas consist of fannings, or what amounts to dust left over from processing high-grade leaves. Farms throughout the world employ their own growing techniques, which also yields a different product. Enthusiasts can learn nearly everything about the origins of a specialty tea, and share their preferences through endless social networks, online and offline.

Entrepreneurs and tea chains across the globe are taking notice of this trend. While large tea exporters like Zhejiang Tea Group have expanded more into U.S. markets, small tea businesses in North America are beginning to flourish as they adapt to the growth. “With everyone on social media to distribute content for social reward, tea is the budding connoisseur’s dream,” said Stuart Lown, National Sales Manager of Takeya USA. “There’s so much to learn about tea, fresh fruit and herbs — so much to learn about healthy hydration, to share with friends and family.”

Takeya specializes in tea infusers and pitchers that simplify home brewing and improve the flavor of the tea. One of their products, the fruit infuser, allows consumers to add new flavors outside the tea itself. By providing an easy method for making homemade iced tea, Lown said, Takeya makes quality tea more accessible to the everyday consumer.

“We specialize in bringing loose-leaf tea home, allowing consumers to quickly and easily brew premium teas and to chill those quickly, which allows people to get the health benefits from the tea,” said Lown. “When you brew the tea with a Takeya system, which is an airtight chamber, you’re getting the best taste and nutrient content.”
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The airtight Takeya system ensures precious nutrients and flavors don’t evaporate with some of the water before the tea cools — and those nutrients are key to tea’s growth. “Over the last decade, several thousand articles have been written about the healthfulness and important phytochemicals and antioxidants that improve human health,” Goggi said, adding that the public has grown increasingly aware of these studies.
Cleansing, lower cholesterol, heart function and mental acuity are some of the natural benefits of tea drinking. Flavonoids, a compound produced by tea plants, are thought to have antioxidant properties and help neutralize free radicals. Tea also has no sodium, no fat, no carbonation and is sugar-free. It’s also calorie-free and provides hydration — and some studies have shown that tea drinking improves cardiovascular health. A Harvard study found that individuals drinking one or more cups of black tea per day have a 44 percent reduced risk for heart attack. A U.S. Department of Agriculture study showed that a low-fat diet combined with five cups of tea per day reduced LDL cholesterol by 11 percent, after three weeks. Also shown in the studies is that drinking black tea reduces blood pressure and helps blood flow after a high-fat meal, and tea also carries with it a reduced risk for rectal cancer, colon cancer and skin cancer.

Along with health benefits, tea naturally boosts cognition. While antioxidants in tea protect brain cells from free radicals, another compound found in tea, L-theanine, along with caffeine, is known to enhance attention and complex problem solving.

Still, not all tea drinkers are seeking a mental boost, and not all of them are interested in learning about tea beyond the basics. “Seventy-eight percent of consumers drink tea for the taste, and 50 percent drink it for the function,” said Patrick Tannous, President and Co-Founder of Tiesta Tea. “We take the basic functionality of the tea and educate the consumer. We aim to make tea accessible, understandable and affordable.”

Tiesta Tea’s approach is to educate the consumer about how to make the best tea, rather than about the tea’s journey from the farm to cup. On the company website, the owners drive this point home: “Does it really matter to you which farm in China produces the best green tea in February or how to correctly pronounce rooibos? (it’s ROY-bos, if you care.) That’s our job to do, not yours. We believe what matters is what your tea tastes like and what’s it’s going to do for you. We take care of the nitty-gritty details.”

Ready-to-drink tea also has made tea more available and visible to consumers. Some markets dedicate an entire shelf section to kombucha alone, increasing tea’s visibility, while other varieties of tea can be found all over stores, rather than in one single beverage area. Goggi wrote in his 2014 report that ready-to-drink tea is expected to continue rising in popularity, with annual dollar increases from 12 to 15 percent.
There are a lot of factors driving tea growth, from public knowledge of specialty tea to Starbucks buying the Teavana chain. As Millennials age, their interest in tea is expected to continue and get passed down to the next generation. This growth will keep the market growing for years to come. After all, tea is inexpensive, simple and accessible.

“It’s something anyone can do, and it’s something all people can enjoy,” said Lown. “Tea is not exclusive to a certain class; it’s something everyone can enjoy, no matter your diet, your religion, your age or your income.”

KeHE Opens Portland Distribution Center

KeHE Distributors opened its newest, LEED Certified, distribution facility in Portland, Oregon, on December 23. This new state-of-the-art distribution center is an important addition to the company’s expansion strategy and key to its growth plan in the northwest region. With more than 100,000 square feet of refrigerated and 57,000 square feet of freezer space, the Portland facility has the capacity to serve KeHE’s customers who increasingly demand product assortments in all three temperature zones.

“Sustainability is a top priority of ours as we build, stock and operate our facilities,” said Gene Carter, Chief Operating Officer, KeHE. “We are designing our new facilities from the ground up, which allows us to focus on the environment and our people as well.” The Portland distribution center will be highly-efficient; estimates are 100 tons of cardboard will be recycled annually and more than 30 tons of petroleum will be saved by recycling plastic. In addition, the entire facility will utilize motion-operated LED lighting. “It is exciting to see how our Portland team has embraced the upgraded facility,” continued Carter. “We think our customers will also.”

As KeHE expands its national network of distribution centers, proximity has been optimized. Service-levels to customers will continue to improve and carbon footprint reduced.
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“We are excited about our new facility. It strategically aligns with our long-term growth strategy and demonstrates our commitment to our increased customer base on the West Coast. Our customers continue to receive the benefits of our growing, national organization,” said Mike Leone, Chief Commercial Officer, KeHE.

KeHE’s vendor community has also taken notice, as they are experiencing more efficient shipping and points of distribution. The distribution centers are larger and carry a wider assortment of products. These synergies and expertise within vendor management have helped improve fill rates.